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原文:
王天下有三重焉,其寡过矣乎!
上焉者虽善,无征。无征,不信。不信,民弗从。下焉者虽善,不尊。不尊,不信。不信,民弗从。
故君子之道,本诸身,征诸庶民。考诸三王而不缪,建诸天地而不悖。质诸鬼神而无疑,百世以俟圣人而不惑。
质诸鬼神而无疑,知天也。百世以俟圣人而不惑,知人也。
是故君子动而世为天下道,行而世为天下法,言而世为天下则。远之,则有望;近之,则不厌。
诗曰:“在彼无恶,在此无射;庶几夙夜,以永终誉。”君子未有不如此而蚤有誉于天下者也。
白话文:
治理天下能够做好议订礼仪,制订法度,考订文字规范这三件重要的事,就可以减少过失了吧!
居于上位的人,虽然品行很好,但没有政绩。没有政绩,就不能使人信服,不能使人信服,老百姓就不会听从。居于下位的人,虽然品行很好,但由于没有尊贵的地位,也不能使人信服,不能使人信服,老百姓就不会听从。
所以,君子治理天下,先修养自身的德行,并从老百姓那里得到验证。考查夏、商、周三代先王的做法而没有背谬,立于天地之间而没有悖理的地方,质询于鬼神而没有可疑的地方,百世以后待到圣人来验证也没有什么不理解的地方。
质询于鬼神而没有疑问,这是知道天理;百世以后待到圣人出现也没有什么不理解的地方,这是知道人意。
所以君子的举动能世世代代成为天下的法则,君子的行为能世世代代成为天下的法度,君子的言谈能世世代代成为天下的准则。在远处有威望,在近处也不使人厌恶。
《诗经》说,“在那里没有人憎恶,在这里没有人厌烦,日日夜夜操劳啊,为了保持美好的名望。”君子没有不这样做而能够早早在天下获得名望的。
英文:
To govern the world, there are three essential tasks; if done well, one may avoid major errors!
The principles of those in high positions, though virtuous, lack verification. Without verification, they cannot be trusted; without trust, the people will not follow.
The principles of those in lowly stations, though virtuous, lack authority. Without authority, they cannot be trusted; without trust, the people will not follow.
Thus, the Way of the noble ruler is rooted in personal virtue, validated by the people, examined against the ways of the Three Kings (Xia, Shang, Zhou) without error, established in harmony with Heaven and Earth, confirmed by spirits without doubt, and enduring through a hundred generations without contradiction even to future sages.
Confirmation by spirits without doubt shows understanding of Heaven; endurance through a hundred generations shows understanding of humanity.
Therefore, the actions of such a ruler become the world’s guiding path, their conduct the world’s model, their words the world’s standard. Those distant revere them; those nearby never tire of them.
As the Book of Songs says: “Hated by none there, wearied by none here; day and night diligent, eternal is their fame.” A noble ruler who fails to act thus can never early gain renown in the world.
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